Which type of individual is associated with the self-actualization phase according to Theory Z?

The self-actualization phase according to Theory Z is characterized by individuals who have achieved their full potential and are functioning at their highest capability. These individuals are typically motivated by intrinsic rewards rather than external incentives. In this phase, people are not merely seeking job security or traditional benefits, but are instead focused on personal growth, creativity, and fulfillment in their work and lives. They take on responsibilities willingly and thrive on engaging in work that aligns with their values and passions.

This contrasts with individuals who experience low motivation or those who avoid responsibility; such individuals have not reached the self-actualization phase and are likely still seeking external validation or only fulfilling minimum requirements of their roles. Similarly, people focused on external rewards are also not aligned with the self-actualization phase, as their motivation is based on factors outside of themselves rather than internal satisfaction and growth.