What is the characteristic of variable-ratio reinforcement?

Variable-ratio reinforcement is characterized by the provision of rewards after an unpredictable number of desired behaviors are exhibited. This type of reinforcement schedule leads to a high and steady rate of response because individuals remain motivated to continue their behavior, not knowing when the next reward will come. For example, this is often seen in scenarios like gambling, where a person may win after a varying number of plays. The unpredictability keeps the individual engaged, as they are encouraged to keep performing the desired behavior in hopes of receiving a reward.

In contrast, other reinforcement options involve more predictable or structured approaches, such as fixed ratios or intervals, which don't create the same level of engagement as variable schedules.