What is included in esteem needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, esteem needs are positioned above the basic physiological and safety needs, but below self-actualization. Esteem needs encompass the desire for self-esteem and the respect of others. This includes feelings of accomplishment, confidence, and the recognition one receives from peers or society.

Self-esteem reflects how individuals perceive their own worth and capabilities, while respect from others involves validation, status, and appreciation in social or professional contexts. These components are essential for fostering a positive self-image and motivating individuals to pursue higher personal and professional goals.

The other options do not align with the definition of esteem needs. Employment and health relate more to safety needs, while food and shelter pertain to physiological needs, and friendship and love address social needs in the hierarchy.