According to the two-factor theory, hygiene factors are described as:

In the context of two-factor theory, hygiene factors refer to those elements of a job that can influence the level of dissatisfaction but are not directly responsible for motivating employees. These factors typically include aspects such as salary, benefits, workspace conditions, company policies, and interpersonal relationships at work. While they are crucial for preventing dissatisfaction and maintaining a baseline level of employee morale, they do not intrinsically motivate individuals to improve performance or job satisfaction.

When hygiene factors are adequate, they help to prevent employee dissatisfaction; however, improving these factors does not necessarily lead to greater job satisfaction or motivation. Instead, true motivation comes from the presence of what are known as motivators, which may include factors such as recognition, opportunities for personal growth, and achievement. Therefore, while hygiene factors are essential for maintaining a level of comfort in the workplace, they are not the driving force behind employee motivation.